Financial Transaction Authentication Servers, Methods, and Computer Program Products for Facilitating Financial Transactions Between Buyers and Sellers

ABSTRACT

A financial transaction authentication server includes a wireless network interface that is configured to receive fund transfer requests from a buyer via a wireless communications terminal, a wireless terminal location module that is configured to identify the respective locations of the buyer and a seller, and a transaction authorization processor configured to authorize a transfer request if the geographic locations of wireless terminals of the buyer and seller are within a predetermined geographical proximity of each other. The wireless network terminal location module identifies the geographic locations of respective wireless terminals of the buyer and seller. The transaction authorization processor authorizes a fund transfer request if the respective locations of buyer and seller wireless terminals are within a predetermined geographical proximity and suspends a fund transfer request if respective locations of buyer and seller wireless terminals are not within a predetermined geographical proximity of each other.

BACKGROUND

The present application relates generally to communications networks,and, more particularly, to methods, systems, and computer programproducts for facilitating commerce via communications networks.

Communications networks are widely used for nationwide and worldwidecommunication of voice, multimedia and/or data. As used herein, the term“communications networks” includes public communications networks, suchas the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), terrestrial and/orsatellite cellular networks, private networks and/or the Internet.

The Internet is a decentralized network of computers that cancommunicate with one another via Internet Protocol (IP). The Internetincludes the World Wide Web (web) service facility, which is aclient/server-based facility that includes a large number of servers(computers connected to the Internet) on which web pages or filesreside, as well as clients (web browsers), which interface users withthe web pages. The topology of the web can be described as a network ofnetworks, with providers of network services called Network ServiceProviders, or NSPs. Servers that provide application-layer services maybe referred to as Application Service Providers (ASPs). Sometimes asingle service provider provides both functions.

The Internet has evolved into a viable commercial medium where buyersand sellers of goods and services can engage in various types ofcommerce. PayPal® is a popular online payment service for purchases madeonline. PayPal® allows buyers to pay via credit cards, bank accounts,buyer credit or account balances, without sharing financial informationwith sellers. Moreover, PayPal® may facilitate global e-commerce bymaking payments possible across different locations, currencies, andlanguages. Although popular for people making purchases online, PayPal®may not be available and/or may be cumbersome to use in commercialsettings such as garage sales, flea markets, and other instances wherebuyers and sellers conduct face-to-face transactions.

SUMMARY

According to exemplary embodiments, financial transaction authenticationservers, methods and/or computer program products are provided thatfacilitate financial transactions between buyers and sellers. In someembodiments, a financial transaction authentication server includes awireless network interface that is configured to receive money transferrequests from buyers via wireless communications terminals, a wirelessterminal location module that is configured to identify the respectivelocations of buyers and sellers, and a transaction authorizationprocessor configured to authorize a transfer request if the locations ofa buyer and seller are within a predetermined geographical proximity ofeach other. An exemplary transfer request identifies a financial accountof a buyer, a financial account of a seller, and an amount to betransferred from a buyer's financial account to the seller's financialaccount.

The wireless network terminal location module is configured to identifythe locations of respective wireless communications terminals of thebuyer and seller, for example, via a GPS system and/or via a wirelessnetwork provider. The transaction authorization processor is configuredto authorize the transfer of funds from the identified buyer account tothe identified seller account if the respective locations of the buyerand seller wireless terminals are within a predetermined geographicalproximity (i.e., the buyer and seller are “co-located”). The transactionauthorization processor is configured to suspend the transfer requestand/or notify the buyer if respective locations of the buyer and sellerwireless terminals are not within a predetermined geographical proximityof each other.

Other systems, methods, and/or computer program products according toexemplary embodiments will be or become apparent to one with skill inthe art upon review of the following drawings and detailed description.It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, and/orcomputer program products be included within this description, be withinthe scope of the present invention, and be protected by the accompanyingclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the specification,illustrate some exemplary embodiments. The drawings and descriptiontogether serve to fully explain the exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of financial transaction authenticationservers, methods and/or computer program products according to variousembodiments.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart that illustrates exemplary operations forfacilitating financial transactions between buyers and sellers,according to some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram that illustrates details of a financialtransaction authentication server, according to some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way ofexample in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. Itshould be understood, however, that there is no intent to limit theinvention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, theinvention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternativesfalling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by theclaims. Like reference numbers signify like elements throughout thedescription of the figures.

As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise. Itshould be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or“comprising” when used in this specification are taken to specify thepresence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/orcomponents, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or moreother features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groupsthereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to asbeing “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directlyconnected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may bepresent. Furthermore, “connected” or “coupled” as used herein mayinclude wirelessly connected or coupled. As used herein, the term“and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of theassociated listed items and may be abbreviated as “/”.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art. It will be further understood that terms,such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should beinterpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning inthe context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in anidealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. maybe used herein to describe various elements, these elements should notbe limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish oneelement from another.

Exemplary embodiments are described below with reference to blockdiagrams and/or flowchart illustrations of methods, apparatus (systemsand/or devices) and/or computer program products. It is understood thata block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, andcombinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchartillustrations, can be implemented by computer program instructions.These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of ageneral purpose computer, special purpose computer, and/or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such thatthe instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer and/orother programmable data processing apparatus, create means(functionality) and/or structure for implementing the functions/actsspecified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in acomputer-readable memory that can direct a computer or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to function in a particularmanner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readablememory produce an article of manufacture including instructions whichimplement the to functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/orflowchart block or blocks.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer orother programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series ofoperational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmableapparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that theinstructions which execute on the computer or other programmableapparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts specified inthe block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks.

Accordingly, exemplary embodiments may be implemented in hardware and/orin software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.).Furthermore, exemplary embodiments may take the form of a computerprogram product on a computer-usable or computer-readable storage mediumhaving computer-usable or computer-readable program code embodied in themedium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system.In the context of this document, a computer-usable or computer-readablemedium may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate,propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with theinstruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

The computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be, for example butnot limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic,infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagationmedium. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of thecomputer-readable medium would include the following: an electricalconnection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, arandom access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber,and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM). Note that thecomputer-usable or computer-readable medium could even be paper oranother suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as theprogram can be electronically captured, via, for instance, opticalscanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted, orotherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then storedin a computer memory.

Computer program code for carrying out operations of data processingsystems discussed herein may be written in a high-level programminglanguage, such as Java, AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript), C, and/or C++,for development convenience. In addition, computer program code forcarrying out operations of exemplary embodiments may also be written inother programming languages, such as, but not limited to, interpretedlanguages. Some modules or routines may be written in assembly languageor even micro-code to enhance performance and/or memory usage. However,embodiments are not limited to a particular programming language. Itwill be further appreciated that the functionality of any or all of theprogram modules may also be implemented using discrete hardwarecomponents, one or more application specific integrated circuits(ASICs), or a programmed digital signal processor or microcontroller.

It should also be noted that in some alternate implementations, thefunctions/acts noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted inthe flowcharts. For example, two blocks shown in succession may in factbe executed substantially concurrently or the blocks may sometimes beexecuted in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/actsinvolved. Moreover, the functionality of a given block of the flowchartsand/or block diagrams may be separated into multiple blocks and/or thefunctionality of two or more blocks of the flowcharts and/or blockdiagrams may be at least partially integrated.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of financial transaction authenticationservers, methods and/or computer program products according to variousexemplary embodiments. Referring now to FIG. 1, the illustratedfinancial transaction authentication server 10 includes a wirelessnetwork interface 12, a wireless terminal location module 14, and atransaction authorization processor 16. The financial transactionauthentication server 10 may be embodied as one or more enterprise,application, personal, pervasive and/or embedded computer systems thatare connected via a wireless and/or wired, private and/or publicnetwork, including the Internet.

The wireless network interface 12 facilitates communications between thefinancial transaction authentication server 10 and a plurality ofconsumer wireless terminals 20 that are associated with a plurality ofwireless network providers 18. The wireless network interface 12 isconfigured to receive money transfer requests from consumers via thewireless communications terminals 20. For example, a buyer, who hasagreed to purchase goods and/or services from a seller, enters a requestvia the buyer's wireless terminal 20 to transfer money/funds from afinancial account of the buyer to a financial account of the seller.Accordingly, each transfer request at least identifies a financialaccount of the buyer, a financial account of the seller, and a monetaryamount to be transferred from the buyer's financial account to theseller's financial account. A transfer request may include otherinformation and/or may require other information from a buyer. Forexample, a buyer may be required to enter a password/pass code/PIN(Personal Identification Number) with the transfer request.

Communications between wireless terminals 20 associated with a wirelessnetwork provider 18 may occur over one or more private and/or publicwired and/or wireless communications links 22. The wireless terminals 20may communicate with the wireless network providers 18 over one or morewireless links 24 using conventional wireless protocols. As used herein,the term “wireless terminal” includes cellular and/or satelliteradiotelephones with or without a multi-line display; PersonalCommunications System (PCS) terminals that may combine a radiotelephonewith data processing, facsimile and/or data communications capabilities;Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) that can include a radio frequencytransceiver and a pager, Internet/intranet access, Web browser,organizer, calendar and/or a global positioning system (GPS) receiver;and/or conventional laptop and/or palmtop computers or other appliances,which include a radio frequency transceiver. Thus, there may be severaldifferent types of wireless terminals 20. By providing an interface tomultiple wireless network providers 18, communications can occur withmany wireless terminals 20 for authenticating money transfer requests,as will be described below. However, in other embodiments, the server 10may communicate with wireless terminals 20 associated with a singlewireless network provider 18.

Still referring to FIG. 1, the server 10 includes a wireless terminallocation module 14 that is configured to identify the respectivelocations of buyers and sellers by determining the location of buyers'and sellers' wireless terminals 20. The wireless terminal locationmodule 14 may be configured to communicate with a wireless terminal 20and determine a present location of the wireless terminal 20 using, forexample, a global positioning system (GPS) present in the wirelessterminal 20 or associated therewith and/or other location based systemsthat can provide its latitude and longitude (and/or other) coordinates.The use of GPSs in and with portable wireless terminals is understood bythose having skill in the art and, therefore, the details will not bediscussed herein.

Alternatively, the wireless terminal location module 14 may beconfigured to communicate with a wireless network provider 18 and obtainlocation information for a wireless terminal 20 from the wirelessnetwork provider 18. For example, a wireless network provider 18 maydetermine the location of a wireless terminal 20 by triangulation ofradio communication signals received by multiple cellular base stationsfrom the wireless terminal 20 and/or by receiving from the wirelessterminal 20 its own determined location. In some embodiments, a buyerand/or seller may be a merchant and a merchant name and/oridentification number may be applied to a geographic information systemto obtain the merchant location. Geographical information systems suchas Google® Maps or MapQuest® are well known to those having skill in theart and need not be described further herein.

Alternatively or additionally, short-range sensing/distance measuringtechniques may be used to determine proximity between the wirelessterminals 20 of buyers and sellers, without the need to determine theiractual geographic locations. For example, a wireless terminal 20 can useBluetooth, Wi-Fi and/or other short-range ad hoc wireless links to queryanother wireless terminal 20. The queried wireless terminal 20 may thenreply with an identification, and the time involved may determine thedistance between the two wireless terminals. In another example, theability to set up an ad hoc short-range wireless link, such asBluetooth, between two wireless terminals 20 (i.e., a buyer's wirelessterminal and a seller's wireless terminal), may itself provide anindication that the wireless terminals 20 are sufficiently close to oneanother to allow a money transfer request to be authenticated.

Still referring to FIG. 1, the server 10 includes a transactionauthorization processor 16 configured to authorize a transfer requestfrom a buyer if the locations of a buyer and seller are within apredetermined geographical proximity of each other (i.e., near eachother). In some embodiments, the transaction authorization processor 16communicates with the wireless terminal location module 14 and comparesthe geographic location of a buyer's wireless terminal 20 and thegeographical location of a seller's wireless terminal 20. If therespective geographical locations of the buyer's wireless terminal 20and the seller's wireless terminal 20 are within a predetermineddistance of each other (e.g., ten feet, twenty feet, etc.), thetransaction authorization processor 16 will authorize the requestedtransfer of money from a financial account of the buyer to a financialaccount of the seller. In some embodiments, the transactionauthorization processor 16 is configured to send instructions to one ormore financial institutions 30 to transfer money from a buyer's accountto a seller's account. For example, if a buyer's financial account ismanaged by a first financial institution and a seller's financialaccount is managed by a second financial institution, the transactionauthorization processor 16 is configured to send instructions to thefirst financial institution to transfer payment from the buyer'sfinancial account to the seller's financial account at the secondfinancial institution. However, in some cases, a buyer and seller mayhave respective financial accounts managed by the same financialinstitution. In this case, the transaction authorization processor 16sends instructions to the financial institution 30 to transfer paymentfrom the buyer's financial account to the seller's financial account.

In some embodiments, if the respective geographical locations of thebuyer's wireless terminal 20 and the seller's wireless terminal 20 arenot within a predetermined distance of each other (e.g., ten feet,twenty feet, etc.), the transaction authorization processor 16 isconfigured to suspend a transfer request and/or send an alert to a buyerthat a received transfer request may be fraudulent. For example, if theserver 10 has received what otherwise appears to a valid request totransfer money from a financial account of one person to a financialaccount of another person, but it is determined that the two persons arenot co-located (i.e., not within close proximity of each other), it ispossible that this is a fraudulent transaction request. In someembodiments, a determination that two wireless terminals 20 are not inclose proximity may trigger the server 10 to re-obtain the geographicallocations of the two wireless devices 20. For example, the buyer andseller of a valid transaction may have temporarily moved apart from eachother. Embodiments may allow for multiple re-acquisitions ofgeographical locations of two wireless terminals 20.

The definition of “within a predetermined geographical proximity” or“close proximity” may always be the same or may vary depending upon thebuyer and/or seller or other circumstances. For example, it may requirethat a buyer's wireless terminal 20 and a seller's wireless terminal 20be within 10 feet, or a minimum resolution distance of whatever locationdetermining system is being utilized by the wireless terminal locationmodule 14. However, this distance may be relaxed in certaincircumstances (e.g., the buyer and/or seller is a merchant, etc.). Forexample, if the buyer and/or seller is a merchant, the merchants) maynot have a wireless terminal 20 on his/her person. The merchant'swireless terminal may be located a considerable distance away from themerchant. As such, the distance between a buyer and seller thatsatisfies “within a predetermined geographical proximity” may be larger,for example, up to about 40 feet or more. In still other embodiments,“within a predetermined geographical proximity” may be based on the typeof wireless terminals 20 of buyers and sellers. For example, a laptopcomputer may be kept in a briefcase, and may be allowed a wider latitudethan a cell phone or pager which is typically carried by a buyer/seller.Moreover, the predetermined geographical proximity may vary based on thetime of day, the history of use, types/models of wireless terminals,ambient wireless interference conditions, error conditions and/orthresholds, and/or other criteria, or may be fixed.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of operations that may be performed by thefinancial transaction authentication server 10. Referring now to FIG. 2,a money transfer request is received from a buyer via a wirelesscommunications terminal 20 (Block 100). The information in the transferrequest identifies a financial account of the buyer, a financial accountof a seller, and an amount to be transferred from the buyer's financialaccount to the seller's financial account. Other information may beincluded within the transfer request, as well. In response to receivingthe transfer request, the wireless terminal location module 14identifies the respective locations of the buyer and seller bydetermining the geographical location of respective wireless terminals20 of the buyer and seller (Block 110). As described above, identifyingthe locations of the respective wireless communications terminals of thebuyer and seller may involve obtaining location information from a GPSsystem and/or obtaining location information from a wireless networkprovider 18.

Once the location information is obtained for a buyer's wirelessterminal and a seller's wireless terminal, a determination is madewhether the buyer's wireless terminal and seller's wireless terminal arewithin a predetermined geographical proximity (i.e., determining whetherthe buyer and seller are at the same location) (Block 120). If thewireless terminals 20 of the buyer and seller are within a predeterminedgeographical proximity, it is assumed that the buyer and seller are atthe same location, and the transaction authorization processor 16authorizes the transfer request (Block 130). Authorizing a transferrequest may include sending, to the financial institution that managesthe identified buyer's account, instructions to transfer funds from thebuyer's account to a seller's account. In some embodiments, thetransaction authorization processor 16 notifies the buyer and/or sellerthat a transfer request has been authorized (Block 140). The transactionauthorization processor 16 may notify a buyer/seller via short messageservice (SMS), e-mail, voice-mail, and/or other known modes ofcommunication with wireless terminals 20.

If the wireless terminals 20 of the buyer and seller are not within apredetermined geographical proximity (Block 120), the transactionauthorization processor 16 is configured to suspend a transfer request(Block 150) and notify the buyer that a received transfer request may befraudulent (Block 160).

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary processor 200 and memory 202 that may beused in embodiments of financial transaction authentication servers 10.The processor 200 communicates with the memory 202 via an address/databus 204. The processor 200 may be, for example, a commercially availableor custom microprocessor. The memory 202 is representative of theoverall hierarchy of memory devices containing the software and dataused to implement a financial transaction authentication server 10 asdescribed herein, in accordance with some embodiments. The memory 202may include, but is not limited to, the following types of devices:cache, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash, SRAM, and DRAM.

As shown in FIG. 3, the memory 202 may hold various categories ofsoftware and data: an operating system 206, a wireless communicationsmodule 208, and a wireless terminal location identification module 210.The operating system 206 controls operations of the set-vices providedby the financial transaction authentication server 10 (or a portion ofservices). In particular, the operating system 206 may manage afinancial transaction authentication server's resources and maycoordinate execution of various programs (e.g., the wirelesscommunications module 208, wireless terminal location identificationmodule 210, etc.) by the processor 200.

The financial transaction authentication server 10 can communicate invarious ways with the wireless terminals 20 of buyers and sellers. Forexample, the financial transaction authentication server 10 cancommunicate with wireless terminals over network protocols like HTTP orTCP/IP, etc. In addition, the financial transaction authenticationserver 10 can communicate wirelessly with one or more of the wirelessterminals 20, such as via an RF communication link using an antenna.Other means of wireless communication between the financial transactionauthentication server 10 and wireless terminals of buyers and sellerscan be employed, as well.

The wireless communications module 208 comprises logic for receivingmoney transfer requests from consumers via wireless communicationsterminals 20 (i.e., implementing the functions of the wireless networkinterface 12), as described above. The wireless terminal locationidentification module 310 comprises logic for communicating with awireless terminal 20 and/or a wireless network provider to obtainlocation information for the wireless terminal 20 (i.e., implementingthe functions of the wireless terminal location module 14), as describedabove.

Example

A potential buyer sees an ad for a boat listed for sale on “Craigslist”(craigslist.org) and contacts the person selling the boat. They arrangeto meet so that the buyer can look over the boat and decide if he/shewants to buy the boat. Upon deciding to purchase the boat from theseller, the buyer sends a money transfer request via his/her wirelessterminal to the financial transaction authentication server 10. Thetransfer request identifies his/her financial account from which fundsare to be transferred, the amount of funds to be transferred, and thefinancial account of the seller to which the funds are to betransferred. Upon receiving the transfer request, the financialtransaction authentication server 10 checks to see if the buyer andseller are geographically near each other by determining thegeographical locations of their respective wireless terminals. If therespective geographical locations of the buyer's wireless terminal 20and the seller's wireless terminal 20 are within a predetermineddistance, it is presumed that the transfer request is valid, and thefinancial transaction authentication server 10 authorizes the transferof funds to the seller's account. If the respective geographicallocations of the buyer's wireless terminal 20 and the seller's wirelessterminal 20 are not within a predetermined distance of each other, thetransaction authorization processor 16 suspends the transfer request andsends an alert to a buyer that a received transfer request may befraudulent.

Many variations and modifications can be made to the preferredembodiments without substantially departing from the principles of thepresent invention. All such variations and modifications are intended tobe included herein within the scope of the present invention, as setforth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: receiving, by a server, amoney transfer request identifying a financial account of a buyer, afinancial account of a seller, and an amount to be transferred from thefinancial account of the buyer to the financial account of the seller,wherein the money transfer request is received from the buyer via abuyer wireless communications terminal; determining, by the server, inresponse to receiving the money transfer request from the buyer, alocation of the buyer wireless communications terminal; determining, bythe server, in response to receiving the money transfer request from thebuyer, a location of a seller wireless communications terminal;calculating, by the server, a geographical proximity threshold value,based on: an ambient wireless interference condition; a type of thebuyer wireless communications terminal; a type of the seller wirelesscommunications terminal; a particular time of day at which the moneytransfer request is received from the buyer, a history of use of thebuyer wireless seller communications terminal and the seller wirelesscommunications terminal; whether the buyer is a merchant; and whetherthe seller is a merchant; determining whether the location of the buyerwireless communications terminal is within the geographical proximitythreshold value of the location of the seller wireless communicationsterminal; and responsive to determining that the location of the buyerwireless communications terminal is within the geographical proximitythreshold value of the location of the seller wireless communicationsterminal, authorizing, by the server, the money transfer request.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the buyer wireless communications terminaland the seller wireless communications terminal are cell phones.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising sending, by the server, anotification to the buyer responsive to determining that the location ofthe buyer wireless communications terminal is not within thegeographical proximity threshold value of the location of the sellerwireless communications terminal.
 4. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising suspending the money transfer request, responsive todetermining that the location of the buyer wireless communicationsterminal is not within the geographical proximity threshold value of thelocation of the seller wireless communications terminal.
 5. The methodof claim 1, wherein the money transfer request further includes anindication of a first financial institution which manages the financialaccount of the buyer and an indication of a second financial institutionwhich manages the financial account of the seller.
 6. The method ofclaim 5, wherein authorizing the money transfer request comprisessending, using the indication of the first financial institution and theindication of the second financial instruction indicated by the moneytransfer request, instructions to the first financial institution totransfer payment from the financial account of the buyer to the accountof the seller at the second financial institution.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the money transfer request further indicates afinancial institution which manages both the financial account of thebuyer and the financial account of the seller, and wherein authorizingthe money transfer request comprises sending instructions to thefinancial institution to transfer payment from the financial account ofthe buyer to the financial account of the seller.
 8. A device,comprising: a processor; and a computer-readable storage devicecomprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by theprocessor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:receiving a money transfer request identifying a financial account of abuyer, a financial account of a seller, and an amount to be transferredfrom the financial account of the buyer to the financial account of theseller, wherein the money transfer request is received from the buyervia a buyer wireless communications terminal; determining, in responseto receiving the money transfer request from the buyer, a location ofthe buyer wireless communications terminal; determining, in response toreceiving the money transfer request from the buyer, a location of aseller wireless communications terminal; calculating a geographicalproximity threshold value based on: an ambient wireless interferencecondition; a type of the buyer wireless communications terminal; a typeof the seller wireless communications terminal; a particular time of dayat which the money transfer request is received from the buyer, ahistory of use of the buyer and seller wireless communicationsterminals; whether the buyer is a merchant; and whether the seller is amerchant; determining whether the location of the buyer wirelesscommunications terminal is within the geographical proximity thresholdvalue of the location of the seller wireless communications terminal;and responsive to determining that the location of the buyer wirelesscommunications terminal is within the geographical proximity thresholdvalue of the location of the seller wireless communications terminal,authorizing the money transfer request.
 9. The device of claim 8,wherein the buyer wireless communications terminal and the sellercommunications terminal are cell phones.
 10. The device of claim 8,wherein the operations further comprise sending a notification to thebuyer responsive to determining that location of the buyer wirelesscommunications terminal is not within the geographical proximitythreshold value of the location of the seller wireless communicationsterminal.
 11. The device of claim 8, wherein the operations furthercomprise suspending the money transfer request, responsive todetermining that the location of the buyer wireless communicationsterminal is not within the geographical proximity threshold value of thelocation of the seller wireless communications terminal.
 12. The deviceof claim 8, wherein the money transfer request further indicates a firstfinancial institution that manages the financial account of the buyerand a second financial institution that manages the financial account ofthe seller.
 13. The device of claim 12, wherein authorizing the moneytransfer request comprises sending, based on the first financialinstitution and second financial instruction indicated by the moneytransfer request, instructions to the first financial institution totransfer payment from the financial account of the buyer to thefinancial account of the seller at the second financial institution. 14.The device of claim 8, wherein the money transfer request furtherindicates a financial institution that manages both the financialaccount of the buyer and the financial account of the seller, andauthorizing the money transfer request comprises sending instructions tothe financial institution to transfer payment from the financial accountof the buyer to the financial account of the seller.
 15. Acomputer-readable storage device comprising computer-executableinstructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processorperform operations, comprising: receiving a money transfer requestidentifying a financial account of a buyer, a financial account of aseller, and an amount to be transferred from the financial account ofthe buyer to the financial account of the seller, wherein the moneytransfer request is received from the buyer via a buyer wirelesscommunications terminal; determining, in response to receiving the moneytransfer request from the buyer, a location of the buyer wirelesscommunications terminal; determining, in response to receiving the moneytransfer request from the buyer, a location of a seller wirelesscommunications terminal; calculating a geographical proximity thresholdvalue, based on: an ambient wireless interference condition; a type ofthe buyer wireless communications terminal; a type of the sellerwireless communications terminal; a particular time of day at which themoney transfer request is received from the buyer, a history of use ofthe buyer and seller wireless communications terminals; whether thebuyer is a merchant; and whether the seller is a merchant; determiningwhether the location of the buyer wireless communications terminal iswithin the geographical proximity threshold value of the location of theseller wireless communications terminal; and responsive to determiningthat the location of the buyer wireless communications terminal iswithin the geographical proximity threshold value of the location of theseller wireless communications terminal, authorizing the money transferrequest.
 16. The computer-readable storage device of claim 15, whereinthe operations further comprise sending a notification to the buyerresponsive to determining that the location of the buyer wirelesscommunications terminal is not within the geographical proximitythreshold value of the location of the seller wireless communicationsterminal.
 17. The computer-readable storage device of claim 15, whereinthe operations further comprise suspending the money transfer request,responsive to determining that the location of the buyer wirelesscommunications terminal is not within the geographical proximitythreshold value of the location of the seller wireless communicationsterminal.
 18. The computer-readable storage device of claim 15, whereinthe money transfer request further indicates a first financialinstitution that manages the financial account of the buyer and a secondfinancial institution that manages the financial account of the seller.19. The computer-readable storage device of claim 18, whereinauthorizing the money transfer request comprises sending, based on thefirst financial institution and second financial instruction indicatedby the money transfer request, instructions to the first financialinstitution to transfer payment from the financial account of the buyerto the financial account of the seller at the second financialinstitution.
 20. The computer-readable storage device of claim 15,wherein the money transfer request further indicates a financialinstitution that manages both the financial account of the buyer and thefinancial account of the seller, and authorizing the money transferrequest comprises sending instructions to the financial institution totransfer payment from the financial account of the buyer to thefinancial account of the seller.